Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diet pdf

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Each person's needs are different, so talk to your doctor or RDN before you make changes to your diet. Many people find taking a general-purpose multivitamin helpful.

Often, people with COPD take steroids. Long-term use of steroids may increase your need for calcium. Consider taking calcium supplements. Look for one that includes vitamin D. Calcium carbonate or calcium citrate are good sources of calcium. Before adding any vitamins to your daily routine, be sure to discuss with your doctor.

Too much sodium may cause edema swelling that may increase blood pressure. If edema or high blood pressure are health problems for you, talk with your doctor about how much sodium you should be eating each day. Ask your RDN about the use of spices and herbs in seasoning your food and other ways you can decrease your sodium intake. Drinking plenty of water is important not only to keep you hydrated, but also to help keep mucus thin for easier removal.

Talk with your doctor about your water intake. A good goal for many people is 6 to 8 glasses 8 fluid ounces each daily. Don't try to drink this much fluid at once; spread it out over the entire day. Some people find it helpful to fill a water pitcher every morning with all the water they are supposed to drink in one day. They then refill their glass from that pitcher and keep track of their progress during the course of the day.

Remember, any healthy caffeine-free fluid counts toward your fluid goal, and most foods contribute a substantial amount of fluid, as well. You may find it difficult to meet your nutritional needs with regular foods, especially if you need a lot of calories every day.

Also, if your RDN has suggested that you get more of your calories from fat—the polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and low-cholesterol variety—you may not be able to meet this goal easily with ordinary foods.

Your RDN or doctor may suggest you drink a liquid called a medical nutritional product supplement. Some of these products can be used as a complete diet by people who can't eat ordinary foods, or they can be added to regular meals by people who can't eat enough food.

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Thank you! You will now receive email updates from the American Lung Association. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Causes of weight loss and muscle wasting in COPD Weight loss resulting in depletion of FM occurs when energy intake is insufficient to meet daily requirements energy imbalance and inadequate dietary intake has been found to be common in patients with COPD 15 particularly during exacerbations of the disease Nutrition support in COPD Traditionally weight loss in COPD patients was considered an inevitable consequence of severe respiratory disease and as a result not amenable to nutritional intervention.

Multi-modal interventions and future directions Due to the complexity of the nutritional and functional impairment experienced by patients with COPD, there is a need for future interventions to look beyond energy imbalance alone as it is unlikely a multi-system disease will respond to unimodal interventions i.

Vitamins There is growing evidence that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathology of COPD both within the lungs and other body tissues e. Essential amino acids Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and several studies have found plasma amino acids to be reduced in COPD patients with a low body weight or depleted muscle mass 43 , Body composition improvements in COPD The combination of nutrition support, exercise training and pharmacotherapy anabolic agents in patients with respiratory disease has been found to result in improvements in body weight, muscle strength, exercise capacity and quality of life 29 , Conclusions Nutritional depletion in COPD is common, complex with a number of characterisable phenotypes that to various extents are associated with increased health care use, reduced functional capacity and poorer clinical outcomes.

Notes Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Footnotes Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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