Apa 6th edition scatter plot

As a general rule, only include figures when they add to the value of the paper. If the figure merely repeats what is written in the paper, do not include it, as it does not add any new information to the paper. The sixth edition also emphasizes the importance of clearly labeling electrophysiological, radiological, and genetic data sections 5. If the quotation is less than 40 words, incorporate the quotation into the text and place quotation marks round the quotation.

Cite the source immediately after the quotation and continue with the sentence. If the quotation has more than 40 words, use a block quotation. Begin the quotation on a new line and indent a half-inch from the left margin.

Double-space the entire quotation, and at the end of the quotation, provide citation information after the final punctuation mark. John Nicholson anticipated this effect when discussing farming methods in the nineteenth century:. Perhaps it would be well, if some institution were devised, and supported at the expense of the State, which would be so organized as would tend most effectually to produce a due degree of emulation among Farmers, by rewards and honorary distinctions conferred by those who, by their successful experimental efforts and improvements, should render themselves duly entitled to them.

Electronic sources 6. Because electronic publishing has become a standard in research, the sixth edition provides an overview of electronic sources and how to reference them, specifically with URLs and DOIs. URLs, more commonly known as a web address, locate information housed on the Internet. While citing from a webpage, you may not be able to find a page number to refer to, i.

Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings. Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. View the sample figures for more information on figures. Figure Setup. Number figures in the order in which they are mentioned in your paper.

Give each figure a brief but descriptive title, and capitalize the figure title in italic title case. If text appears in the image of the figure e. Capitalize words in the figure legend in title case. Include figure notes only as needed. This diagram illustrates the basic figure components. Principles of figure creation The most important principle to follow when creating a figure is to present information in a way that is easy for readers to understand.

This figure demonstrates a proper scatter plot graph. Line graphs depict the relationship between quantitative variables. Usually, the independent variable is plotted along the x -axis horizontally and the dependent variable is plotted along the y -axis vertically. Bar graphs come in three main types: 1 solid vertical or horizontal bars, 2 multiple bar graphs, and 3 sliding bars. In solid bar graphs, the independent variable is categorical, and each bar represents one kind of datum, e.

A multiple bar graph can show more complex information than a simple bar graph, e. In sliding bar graphs, the bars are divided by a horizontal line which serves as the baseline, enabling the representation of data above and below a specific reference point, e.

Pictorial graphs can be used to show quantitative differences between groups. Pictorial graphs can be very deceptive: if the height of an image is doubled, its area is quadrupled. Therefore, great care should be taken that images representing the same values must be the same size. Circle pie graphs are used to represent percentages and proportions. For the sake of readability, no more than five variables should be compared in a single pie graph.

Lines and dots can be used for shading in black and white documents. Figure 5. Example of a Circle or Pie Graph. This figure shows an example of a circle pie graph. Charts are used to represent the components of larger objects or groups e. Drawings and photographs can be used to communicate very specific information about a subject. Thanks to software, both are now highly manipulable. For the sake of readability and simplicity, line drawings should be used, and photographs should have the highest possible contrast between the background and focal point.

Cropping, cutting out extraneous detail, can be very beneficial for a photograph. Use software like GraphicConverter or Photoshop to convert color photographs to black and white before printing on a laser printer.

Otherwise most printers will produce an image with poor contrast. In preparing figures, communication and readability must be the ultimate criteria.

Avoid the temptation to use the special effects available in most advanced software packages. While three-dimensional effects, shading, and layered text may look interesting to the author, overuse, inconsistent use, and misuse may distort the data, and distract or even annoy readers.

Design properly done is inconspicuous, almost invisible, because it supports communication.